Standard ophthalmic examination
The standard ophthalmic examination typically consists of the following routine check-ups which may be complemented by specialised diagnostics where required:
Objective Refraction
Measures the refraction of the eye by projecting a light beam onto the retina. This measurement can also determine the curvature and diameter of the cornea. Objective refraction thus delivers an indication of ametropia and establishes a basis for the customisation of glasses and contact lenses.
Subjective refraction / Visual acuity assessment
During the visual acuity test, you are asked to identify progressively smaller signs (mostly numbers). The visual acuity test delivers information about your vision without and with correction and provides the data required to prescribe glasses or contact lenses. It also delivers cues whether specialised diagnostics are required (e.g., colour vision tests, orthoptic examinations).
Slit lamp examination
The anterior segment of the eye (eye lids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, pupil, lens, anterior part of the vitreous body) can be examined using a slit lamp. The examination delivers information about inflammations, diseases, malformations, cataract, etc.
Funduscopy / Ophthalmoscopy
The examination of the eyeground (ocular fundus) with the slit lamp and a magnifying lens or ophthalmoscope allows close inspection of the retina and the optic nerve. Dilating the pupil with eye drops before the examination additionally allows to inspect the periphery of the retina and to detect retinal disorders (tears, holes, degeneration, bleeding, diabetic retinopathy, venous and arterious occlusions).
Measurement of intraocular pressure
Intraocular pressure is measured either with an aplanation tonometer after applying weak anesthetising drops or by an air tonometer which directs an air stream onto the surface of the eye. Intraocular pressure measurement delivers information about elevated eye pressure that can lead to damage of the optic nerve (glaucoma).
